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var note1="Note 1 Or Elvod, bishop of Bangor, A.D. 755, who first adopted in the Cambrian church the new cycle for regulating Easter"
var note2="Note 2 And forty, according to Stevenson’s new edition. The rest of this chronology is much contracted in several of the manuscripts, and hardly two of them contain it exactly the same."
var note3="Note 3 This list of the Roman emperors who visited Britain, is omitted in many of the MSS."
var note4="Note 4 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) twenty eight, twenty one."
var note5="Note 5 [Welsh - Caerlwytgoed - Lichfield]"
var note6="Note 6 Inis-gueith, or Gueith"
var note7="Note 7 The whole of this, as far as the end of the paragraph, is omitted in several MSS."
var note8="Note 8 Other MSS. Silvius."
var note9="Note 9 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) Who should slay his father and mother, and be hated by all mankind."
var note10="Note 10 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) He displayed such superiority among his play-fellows, that they seemed to consider him as their chief."
var note11="Note 11 Tours"
var note12="Note 12 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) thirty-seven."
var note13="Note 13 See Bede's Eccles. Hist."
var note14="Note 14 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) Partholomaeus, or Bartholomaeus."
var note15="Note 15 A blank is here in the MS. Agnomen is found in some of the others."
var note16="Note 16 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) Damhoctor, Clamhoctor, and Elamhoctor."
var note17="Note 17 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) Liethan, Bethan, Vethan."
var note18="Note 18 St. David’s."
var note19="Note 19 Guiher, probably the Welsh district Gower. Cetgueli is Caer Kidwelly, in Carmarthenshire."
var note20="Note 20 North-western part of Antrim in Ulster."
var note21="Note 21 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) Columba."
var note22="Note 22 Some MSS. add, the beginning of the calculation is 23 cycles of 19 years from the incarnation of our Lord to the arrival of St. Patrick in Ireland, and they make 438 years. And from the arrival of St. Patrick to the cycle of 19 years in which we live are 22 cycles, which make 421 years. [the multiplication gives 437 and 418 years]"
var note23="Note 23 This proves the tradition of Brutus to be older than Geoffrey or Tyssilio, unless these notices of Brutus have been interpolated in the original work of Nennius."
var note24="Note 24 This genealogy is different in almost all the MSS."
var note25="Note 25 Some MSS add, I will now return to the point from which I made this digression."
var note26="Note 26 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) Eucharistus. A marginal note in the Arundel MS. adds, ‘He is wrong, because the first year of Evaristus was A.D. 79, whereas the first year of Eleutherius, whom he ought to have named, was A.D. 161.’ Usher says, that in one MS. of Nennius he found the name of Eleutherius."
var note27="Note 27 Or, the Wall. One MS. here adds, ‘The above-mentioned Severus constructed it of rude workmanship in length 132 miles; i.e. from Penguaul, which village is called in Scottish Cenail, in English Peneltun, to the mouth of the river Cluth and Cairpentaloch, where this wall terminates; but it was of no avail. The emperor Carausius afterwards rebuilt it, and fortified it with seven castles between the two mouths: he built also a round house of polished stones on the banks of the river Carun (Carron): he likewise erected a triumphal arch, on which he inscribed his own name in memory of his victory.’"
var note28="Note 28 This passage is corrupt, the meaning is briefly given in the translation."
var note29="Note 29 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) Mirmantum, Mirmantun, Minmanto, Minimantone. The Segontium of Antoninus, situated on a small river named Seiont, near Carnarvon."
var note30="Note 30 This is an inaccuracy of Nennius; Maximus and Maximianus were one and the same person; or rather no such person as Maximianus ever reigned in Britain."
var note31="Note 31 Geoffrey of Monmouth gives the title of consul to several British generals who lived after this time. It is not unlikely that the town, name, and dignity, still lingered in the provinces after the Romans were gone, particularly as the cities of Britain maintained for a time a species of independence."
var note32="Note 32 This district, in modern language, extended from the great St. Bernard in Piedmont to Cantavic in Picardy, and from Picardy to the western coast of France."
var note33="Note 33 These words relate evidently to some cause of dispute between the Romans, Ambrosius, and Vortigern. Vortigern is said to have been sovereign of the Dimetae, and Ambrosius son to the king of the Damnonii. The latter was half a Roman by descent, and naturally supported the Roman interest: the former was entirely a Briton, and as naturally seconded by the original Britons."
var note34="Note 34 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) not the God of gods, the Amen, the Lord of Hosts, but one of their idols which they worshipped."
var note35="Note 35 Sometimes called Ruoichin, Ruith-in, or ‘river island’, separated from the rest of Kent and the mainland of Britain by the estuary of the Wantsum, which, though now a small brook, was formerly navigable for large vessels, and in Bede's time was three stadia broad, and fordable only at two places."
var note36="Note 36 The rest of this sentence is omitted in some of the MSS."
var note37="Note 37 King of Powys. V.R. Benli in the district of Ial (in Derbyshire); in the district of Dalrieta; Belinus; Beluni; and Benty."
var note38="Note 38 Or Cadell Deyrnllug, prince of the Vale Royal and the upper part of Powys."
var note39="Note 39 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) Who had come with him from the island of Oghgul, Oehgul (or Tingle), Angul. According to Gunn, a small island in the duchy of Sleswick in Denmark, now called Angel, of which Flensburg is the metropolis. Hence the origin of the Angles."
var note40="Note 40 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) Gnoiram cono, Goiranegono, Guiracgono. Malmesbury, Gorongi; Camden, Guorong, supposed to mean governor, or viceroy."
var note41="Note 41 Antoninus’s wall."
var note42="Note 42 Some MSS. add, ‘beyond the Frenesic, Fresicum (or Fresic) sea,’ i.e. which is between us and the Scotch. The sea between Scotland and Ireland. Camden translates it \"beyond the Frith;\" Langhorne says, \"Solway Frith\"."
var note43="Note 43 V.R. ‘Immodest' is omitted in some MSS."
var note44="Note 44 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) You shall find a fortified city in which you may defend yourself."
var note45="Note 45 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) Guined, Guoienet, Guenez, North Wales."
var note46="Note 46 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) Heremi, Heriri, or Eryri, signifying eagle rocks, the mountains of Snowdon, in Carnarvonshire. The spot alluded to is supposed to be Dinas Emrys, or the fortress of Ambrosius."
var note47="Note 47 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) Elleti, Electi, Gleti. Supposed to be Bassalig in Monmouthshire."
var note48="Note 48 The district between the Usk and Rumney, in Monmouthshire."
var note49="Note 49 An ancient scholiast adds, ‘He then built Guasmoric, near Lugubalia (Carlisle), a city which in English is called Palmecaster.’ Some difference of opinion exists among antiquaries respecting the site of vortigern’s castle or city. Usher places it at Gwent, Monmouthshire, which name, he ways, was taken from Caer-Went, near Chepstow. This appears to agree with Geoffrey's account, {illegible} See Usher's Britan. Eccles. cap. v. p.23. According to others, supposed to be the city from the ruins of which arose the castle of Gurthrenion, in Radnorshire, Camden's Britannia, p.479. Whitaker, however, says that Cair Guorthegirn was the Maridunum of the Romans, and the present Caermarthen. (Hist. Of Manchester, book ii. c. 1.) See also Nennius, sec. 47."
var note50="Note 50 Some MSS. here add, ‘This Vortimer, the son of Vortigern, in a synod held at Guartherniaun, after the wicked king, on account of the incest committed with his daughter, fled from the face of Germanus and the British clergy, would not consent to his father's wickedness; but returning to St. Germanus, and falling down at his feet, he sued for pardon; and in atonement for the calumny brought upon Germanus by his father and sister, gave him the land, in which the forementioned bishop had endured such abuse, to be his for ever. Whence, in memory of St. Germanus, it received the name Guarenniaun (Guartherniaun, Gurthrenion, Gwarth Ennian) which signifies, a calumny justly retorted, since, when he thought to reproach the bishop, he covered himself with reproach.’"
var note51="Note 51 According to Langhorne, Epsford was afterwards called, in the British tongue, Saessenaeg habail, or ‘the slaughter of the Saxons’."
var note52="Note 52 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) ‘The Stone of Titulus’, thought to be Stone in Kent, or Larger-stone in Suffolk."
var note53="Note 53 Rapin says he was buried at Lincoln; Geoffrey, at London."
var note54="Note 54 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) Of his wife, and no one was able manfully to drive them off because they had occupied Britain not from their own valour, but by God’s permission."
var note55="Note 55 The VV. RR. Of this section are too numerous to be inserted."
var note56="Note 56 A district of Radnorshire, forming the present hundred of Rhaiadr."
var note57="Note 57 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) This paragraph is omitted in the MSS."
var note58="Note 58 The Tobias of Ptolemy."
var note59="Note 59 In the northern part of the present counties of Radnor and Brecknock."
var note60="Note 60 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) The MSS. add, ‘and he had one daughter, who was the mother of St. Faustus’."
var note61="Note 61 Fernvail, or Farinmail, appears to have been king of Gwent or Monmouth."
var note62="Note 62 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) ‘Two provinces, Builth and Guorthegirnaim’."
var note63="Note 63 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) All this to the word 'Amen’, in other MSS. is placed after the legend of St. Patrick."
var note64="Note 64 Supposed by some to be the Glem, in Lincolnshire; but most probably the Glen, in the northern part of Northumberland."
var note65="Note 65 Or Dubglas. The little river Dunglas, which formed the southern boundary of Lothian. Whitaker says, the river Duglas, in Lancashire, near Wigan."
var note66="Note 66 Not a river, but an isolated rock in the Firth of Forth, near the town of North Berwick, called 'The Bass’. Some think it is the river Lusas, in Hampshire."
var note67="Note 67 The Caledonian forest; or the forest of Englewood, extending from Penrith to Carlisle."
var note68="Note 68 Variously supposed to be in Cornwall, or Binchester in Durham, but most probably the Roman station of Garionenum, near Yarmouth, in Norfolk."
var note69="Note 69 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) The image of the cross of Christ, and of the perpetual virgin St. Mary."
var note70="Note 70 V.R(Vatican MS Version) For Arthur proceeded to Jerusalem, and there made a cross to the size of the Saviour’s cross, and there it was consecrated, and for three successive days he fasted, watched, and prayed, before the Lord's cross, that the Lord would give him the victory, by this sign, over the heathen; which also took place, and he took with him the image of St. Mary, the fragments of which are still preserved in great veneration at Wedale, in English Wodale, in Latin Vallis-doloris. Wodale is a village in the province of Lodonesia, but now of the jurisdiction of the bishop of St. Andrew's, of Scotland, six miles on the west of that heretofore noble and eminent monastery of Meilros."
var note71="Note 71 Exeter."
var note72="Note 72 Or Ribroit, the Brue, in Somersetshire; or the Ribble, in Lancashire."
var note73="Note 73 Or Agned Cathregonion, Cadbury, in Somersetshire; or Edinburgh."
var note74="Note 74 Bath."
var note75="Note 75 At Fordun, in the district of Mearns, in Scotland—Usher."
var note76="Note 76 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) Germanus ‘sent the elder Segerus with him to a wonderful man, the holy bishop Amathearex’. Another MS. ‘Sent the elder Segerus, a bishop, with him to Amatheorex’."
var note77="Note 77 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) ‘Received the episcopal degree from the holy bishop Amatheorex’. Another MS. ‘Received the episcopal degree from Matheorex and the holy bishop’."
var note78="Note 78 King of Connaught."
var note79="Note 79 A mountain in the west of Connaught, county of Mayo, now called Croagh-Patrick."
var note80="Note 80 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) that no Irishman may be alive on the day of judgment, because they will be destroyed seven years before in honour of St. Patrick."
var note81="Note 81 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) Fifteen."
var note82="Note 82 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) By the holy bishop Amatheus."
var note83="Note 83 Here ends the Vatican MS. collated by Mr. Gunn."
var note84="Note 84 Chap. 56 is not in the Giles translation. It is supplied here from the text made available to the net by Alan Lupack [ALPK@db1.cc.rochester.edu] for the Camelot Project."
var note85="Note 85 These titles are not part of the original work, but added in the MSS. by a later hand."
var note86="Note 86 Guercha is a distortion of the name of Uffa, or Wuffa, arising in the first instance from the pronunciation of the British writer; and in the next place from the error of the transcriber—Palgrave."
var note87="Note 87 Or Wibba."
var note88="Note 88 V.R. Conquered."
var note89="Note 89 Hatfield, in the West Riding of Yorkshire. See Bede’s Eccles. Hist."
var note90="Note 90 Cadwalla, king of the Western Britons."
var note91="Note 91 V.R. (Vatican MS Version) United the castle, i.e. Dinguerin and Gurdbernech, which countries were in one country, i.e. Deurabernech; Anglice Diera and Bernicia. Another MS. Built Dinguayrh Guarth Berneich."
var note92="Note 92 Talhaiarn was a descendant of Coel Godebog, and chaplain to Ambrosius."
var note93="Note 93 Better known as Maelgwn."
var note94="Note 94 Bambrough. See Bede, iii. 6, and Sax. Chron. A.D. 547."
var note95="Note 95 See Bede's Eccles. Hist. From the share which Paulinus had in the conversion of the Northumbrian king, it has been inferred that he actually baptized him; but Nennius expressly states, that the holy sacrament was administered by Rhun, the son of Urien. The Welsh name of Paulinus is Pawl Hen, or Polin Eagob."
var note96="Note 96 Llauiguin, means the ‘fair’, or the ‘bounteous hand’."
var note97="Note 97 This name has been variously written; Bede spells it Caedualla (Cadwalla); Nennius, Catgublaun; the Saxon Chronicle, Ceadwalla; and the Welsh writers, Cadwallon and Kalwallawn: and though the identity of the person may be clearly proved, it is necessary to observe these particulars to distinguish him from Cadwaladr, and from another Caedualla or Caedwalla, a king of the West Saxons; all of whom, as they lived within a short time of each other, have been frequently confounded together.— Rees's Welsh Saints.!"
var note98="Note 98 Gwynedd, North Wales."
var note99="Note 99 Bede says at Denis’s brook."
var note100="Note 100 The British chronicles assert that Cadwallader died at Rome, whilst Nennius would lead us to conclude that he perished in the pestilence at home."
var note101="Note 101 The isle of Farne."
var note102="Note 102 In Carmarthenshire. Perhaps the town now called Kidwelly."
var note103="Note 103 Chaps. 67 -71 supplied from the text made available on the net by Patrick Brown from Belfast, Northern Ireland."
var note104="Note 104 Chap. 73 is supplied here from the text made available to the net by Alan Lupack [ALPK@db1.cc.rochester.edu] for the Camelot Project."